Research Proposal by Olivia Lofstedt
Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that predominantly impairs motor function(Zhen et al., 2022). The disease is characterized by the four cardinal symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability due to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra(Zhen et al., 2022). In addition to dopamine, people with Parkinson’s also experience a loss of norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter crucial for controlling automatic bodily functions. This further contributes to symptoms like fatigue, stiffness, and difficulty with coordination and balance. As Parkinson’s progresses, movement becomes more difficult, so having a consistent and supportive exercise plan is critical for maintaining independence.
A study by Ellis et al. (2013), published by the American Physical Therapy Association, found that low outcome expectations, lack of time, and fear of falling are some of the main barriers to exercise performance in Parkinson’s patients. Overcoming these barriers is essential in promoting exercise adherence and improving functional outcomes. Recent studies suggest that anaerobic activities like walking, cycling , or swimming can enhance cardiovascular health, reduce fatigue, and boost moods in Parkinson’s patients. Exercise, such as treadmill training, walking, and dance, can improve not only motor function but also gaits, balance, and quality of life in Parkinson’s patients(Zhen et al., 2022). It has also been found that exercises that incorporate balance like dancing reduce fall risk and support posture because they help with coordination and refined movements. Pilates focuses on two key principles, center and breathing, which are important for people with Parkinsons since the core is the basis for maintaining balance(Pilates and Parkinson’s Disease, 2022). Rock climbing is highly effective in reducing motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Studies have analyzed that the climbing movements improve posture by strengthening the shoulder girdle and trunk muscles, increasing hip and shoulder flexibility, and forcing the patient to recline the head repeatedly and stretch the torso and limbs(Langer et al., 2023). With the right resources, support, and mindset, exercise can become one of the most powerful tools for preserving independence and improving quality of life in people living with Parkinson’s disease.